FatwaFederal TerritoriesGovernance & Administration
TASHIH AL-MAFAHIM #14: MENGKAFIRKAN PEMERINTAH
Can a Muslim ruler be declared an unbeliever for not ruling by God's law, making it lawful to shed his blood and wage war on him?
Short answer
A Muslim ruler is one who does not commit open disbelief or call to it, and he is owed obedience by his people.
A reference, not a fatwa. First sentence of the summary below — read the original fatwa and consult your state authority before acting.
- Authority
- Federal Territories Mufti Office
- Date
- Status
- Opinion (irsyad)
- Series
- Tashih al-Mafahim
- Topic
- Governance & Administration
No evidence of gazettement in the source — this is not a gazetted fatwa.
Summary
A Muslim ruler is one who does not commit open disbelief or call to it, and he is owed obedience by his people. Many hadiths forbid fighting rulers, and even if a ruler commands disobedience, the people need only refuse that command. Al-Nawawi states that rebelling against a ruler is forbidden by consensus even if he is wicked and unjust, because of the strife, bloodshed and division that result. The argument of those who declare rulers unbelievers based on Surah al-Ma'idah verse 44 is judged invalid by the author.
Written in our own words from the original fatwa — check the source before acting on it.
Pertama, pemerintah Muslim adalah orang yang tidak melakukan kekufuran yang nyata atau menyeru kepadanya. Selagi mana dia tidak melakukan sedemikian, maka dia berhak untuk mendapat ketaatan daripada rakyatnya.
Read the full fatwa on the Federal Territories website (new tab)
How to cite
Cite the original fatwa and its authority. Rujuk Fatwa is only where you found it.
Federal Territories Mufti Office. “TASHIH AL-MAFAHIM #14: MENGKAFIRKAN PEMERINTAH”, 22 July 2019. https://muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/tashih-al-mafahim/3589-tashih-al-mafahim-14-mengkafirkan-pemerintah. Found via Rujuk Fatwa: https://rujukfatwa.com/en/fatwa/ruling-on-declaring-muslim-rulers-unbelievers/