How should one oppose or advise a leader peacefully according to Islamic law?

Summary

Advising leaders is part of enjoining good and forbidding evil, and is regarded as a commendable form of jihad when done with proper manners and wisdom. The suitable approaches are explanation and counsel through dialogue and scholarly argument, while firmer rebuke is considered only if it does not lead to social disorder. Opposition that causes political instability, harms the economy or unsettles society contradicts the maqasid of sharia, as its harm outweighs its benefit.

Written in our own words from the original fatwa — check the source before acting on it.